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ENF – Introduction to Report
Resumen de la Tecnología PV Futura - 2 ª Edición
 

ENF anuncia su Segundo Resumen de la Tecnología FV Futura con su asombrosa amplitud y originales ideas.

 

El énfasis del reportaje es en la comercialización de la tecnología de la energía solar fotovoltaica. Es el resumen el más completo sobre la tecnología actualmente en el mercado. Se profundiza hasta varios niveles por debajo de los informes de gestión general y no rehuir de difícil verdades:
 
• Estudios de negocios detrás de la absorción y fijación de precios de las nuevas tecnologías
• Describe cada actuales y futuras tecnología en detalle
• Espera a que está invirtiendo en cada tecnología (en toda la cadena de valor)
• Presenta los más ordenados evaluación de los riesgos que enfrenta la industria de energía solar fotovoltaica
• Los comentarios de los mercados sobre los materiales FV como el polisilicio, indio y telurio - busca a su coste de adquisición y abastecimiento
• Examina los procesos de producción, y espera en algún avanzadas tecnologías de deposición
• Los comentarios (por primera vez un reportaje de esta naturaleza), más de 100 aplicaciones FV
 

El reportaje apunta a un nivel de detalle técnico que permite a los administradores, ingenieros y inversores a tomar un vistazo plenamente informado de toda la energía solar fotovoltaica paisaje, incluidas las cifras.

 

El Reportaje se ha llevado a cabo por tecnologisto de clase mundial (cuyo éxitos incluyen el lanzamiento de la estrategia comercial de GSM - tecnología de la telefonía móvil el más éxito del mundo y la transformación de las normas de la televisión en Europa) y examinado por eminentes directores FV de las diferentes partes de la cadena de valor:

 
 Autores: Stephen Temple, CTO, ENF
  Pavel Zheng, Senior Business Analyst, ENF

 

 Editores:

 Winfried Hoffmann, CTO, Applied Materials (Equipo de capa-fina)
Bernhard Dimmler, CEO, Würth Elektronik Research (capa-fina, placas)
Bill Rever, Strategy Manager, BP Solar (Placa cristalino)
Manfred Bächler, CTO, Phoenix Solar (Integradores de Sistemas)
 
La industria solar fotovoltaica está atravesando una gran transformación (mercados, las estructuras industriales, tecnologías, riesgos y oportunidades) y este reportaje es para los que tienen que tomar decisiones - ya sea como directivos, proveedores o inversores en la industria de energía solar fotovoltaica.
 
Informe de Precios
Copia electrónica: €1500 Orden y pagar con tarjeta de crédito Orden y pagar mediante transferencia bancaria
Copia electrónica + 1 copia en papel: €1550 Orden y pagar con tarjeta de crédito Orden y pagar mediante transferencia bancaria
Copia electrónica + 2 copias en papel: €1600 Orden y pagar con tarjeta de crédito Orden y pagar mediante transferencia bancaria
 
 
The report is only available in English
Table of Contents
Part I - ENF Future PV Technologies Review – Setting the Scene 8
1. Introduction 8
2. Forces shaping the success/price of a PV technology 9
    2.1 Technological Advantage 9
    2.2 Drive for Higher Efficiency or Lower Cost 12
    2.3 From Lab to Field 12
    2.4 Do standard test conditions paint an accurate picture? 13
    2.5 Battle to Drive Costs Down – View from "the engine room" 18
3.  Impact of "Game Playing" on the PV industry 20
    3.1 Manufacturers and Governments/Regulators 20
    3.2 Manufacturers and Suppliers 22
    3.3 Manufacturers and their Competitors 23
    3.4 Manufacturers and their Customers 25
4. - The Risks of the Business – (Chaos Theory) 26
    4.1 Risks facing all industries 26
    4.2 Risks particular to the solar PV industry 27
    4.3 Risks particular to a specific solar PV technology 28
    4.4 Risks specific to the particular commercial enterprise 31
    4.5 Risk Summary 31
5. What is Characterising the Solar PV Industry Today 33
Part II - Review of Critical Materials 36
1. General Introduction 36
2. Polysilicon 36
    2.1 Introduction 36
    2.2 Established Silicon Refining Technologies for polysilicon 37
    2.2.1 Siemens CVD Reactor 37
    2.2.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor 38
    2.2.3 Mono-silane Process 40
    2.3 Emerging Scene of Silicon Refining Technologies for polysilicon 40
    2.3.1 Modified Siemens CVD Reactor 41
    2.3.2 Vapour-to-Liquid Deposition Reactor 42
    2.3.3 Metallurgical Process 44
    2.3.4 Other Refining Technologies 45
    2.3.4.1 Other Refining Technologies being driven by larger players 45
    2.3.4.2 Other Refining Technologies being driven by smaller players 46
    2.4 Implications for the solar PV industry 47
3. Indium 49
    3.1 General Introduction 49
    3.2 Forces that will determine the market price of indium 49
    3.2.1 Abundance of indium in the Earth's crust 49
    3.2.2 Reserves of economically accessible indium 49
    3.2.3 Nature of the indium industry 51
    3.2.4 Indium processing associated with the zinc mining industry 52
    3.2.5 Recycling indium from general waste 53
    3.2.6 Extraction of indium from other mineral mining operations and old mining sites 55
    3.2.7 Efficiency gains in material use from within the LCD/TV and CIGS PV industries 55
    3.2.8 Emergence of alternatives to indium in the LCD/TV industry 55
    3.2.9 Impact of Regulation on the supply of indium 56
    3.2.10 Disruptive forces influencing the short term market price of indium 57
    3.3 Market Prices and Trends 57
    3.3.1 Ten-year Price Track 57
    3.3.2 Long-term price and availability of indium 58
    3.4 Indium Suppliers 59
4. Tellurium 60
    4.1 General Introduction 60
    4.2 Forces Determining the Price of tellurium 60
    4.2.1 Abundance in the Earth's crust 60
    4.2.2 Production of tellurium 60
    4.2.3 Nature of the Tellurium Industry 61
    4.2.4 Supply from Recycling 61
    4.2.5 Competing Applications 61
    4.2.6 Solar PV Application 61
    4.2.7 Commodity Speculation 61
    4.3 Market Prices and trends 62
    4.4 Tellurium suppliers 62
5. Gallium 63
    5.1 General Introduction 63
    5.2 Forces determining the price of gallium 63
    5.2.1 Abundance of gallium in the Earth's crust 63
    5.2.2 Production of gallium 63
    5.2.3 Supply from recycling 63
    5.2.4 Competing applications 63
    5.3 Market prices and trends 64
    5.4 Gallium Suppliers 64
6. Germanium 65
    6.1 General Introduction 65
    6.2 Forces determining the price of germanium 65
    6.2.1 Abundance of germanium in the Earth's crust 65
    6.2.2 Production of germanium 65
    6.2.3 Supply from recycling 66
    6.2.4 Competing Applications 66
    6.3 Market prices and trends 66
    6.4 Germanium Suppliers 67
7. Molybdenum 68
    7.1 General introduction 68
    7.2 Forces determining the price of molybdenum 68
    7.2.1 Abundance of molybdenum in the Earth's crust 68
    7.2.2 Production of molybdenum 68
    7.2.3 Supply from recycling 68
    7.2.4 Competing Applications 68
    7.3 Market Prices and trends 69
    7.4 Molybdenum Suppliers 69
8. Cadmium 70
    8.1 Cadmium Suppliers 70
9. Pastes 71
10. Films 73
11. Light Wavelength Conversion Films 74
    11.1 Europium 74
    11.2 Mentarix 74
    11.3 Covalent Solar 74
Part III – Factory Processes for PV Technologies 77
1. Introduction 77
2. Bulk-silicon PV technologies 77
    2.1 Ingot production 77
    2.2 Cell production 78
    2.3 Panel Production 83
3. Thin Film Amorphous Silicon(a-Si) Technology 86
4. Thin Film - CIS/CIGS Technology 92
5. Summary of semiconductor deposition technologies 94
    5.1. Liquid Phase Epitaxy (LPE) 94
    5.2 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) 96
    5.2.1 Atomic Layer CVD (AL-CVD) 96
    5.2.2 Atmospheric Pressure CVD (APCVD) 96
    5.2.3 Low Pressure CVD (LPCVD) 96
    5.2.4 Rapid Thermal CVD (RTCVD) 97
    5.2.5 Plasma Enhanced CVD (PECVD) 97
    5.2.6 Electron Cyclotron Resonance CVD (ECRCVD) 98
    5.2.7 Hot-Wire CVD (HWCVD) 99
    5.2.8 MetalOrganic CVD (MOCVD) 100
    5.3 Molecular Beam Epitaxy 102
    5.4 Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) 102
    5.4.1 Plasma PVD (Sputtering) 102
    5.4.2 Thermal Evaporation 104
6. Summary of "printing" deposition technologies 106
    6.1 Introduction 106
    6.2 Screen Printing 106
    6.3 Inkjet Printing 107
7. Other Material Deposition Technologies 109
    7.1 Chemical Bath Deposition 109
Part IV – Factual Survey of PV Technologies 111
0. Introduction 111
1. Mono-Silicon – Benchmark Mono-Silicon Sawn Wafer Technology 114
    1.1 Mono-Silicon - Thinner Silicon Wafers 118
    1.2 Mono-Silicon - Back-Contact SunPower Technology 122
    1.3 Sanyo HIT Technology 125
2. Polycrystalline – Benchmark Silicon Sawn Wafer Technology 128
    2.1 Edge-defined Film-fed Growth Process (EFG) 131
    2.2 Polycrystalline – String Ribbon 135
    2.3 Polycrystalline - Back-Contact EWT Technology 139
    2.4 Polycrystalline - Silicon Sliver Cells 143
    2.5 Polycrystalline With Light Capturing Ribbon 146
3.  Thin Film 148
    3.1 Thin Film - a-Si Family 149
    3.1.1 Thin Film - a-Si (Single Junction) 150
    3.1.2 Thin film - a-Si (Double-junction) 155
    3.1.3 Thin film - a-Si (Triple-junction) 158
    Annex to Section 3.1 – Consolidated List of a-Si manufacturers 162
    3.2 Thin film – CIS (Copper Indium diSulphide) Technologies 163
    3.2.1 Thin film - CIGS (Copper Indium/Gallium diSelenide) 164
    3.2.2 Thin film – CIGSS (Cu (In Ga) (S,Se)2 ) 170
    3.2.3 Thin film – CIS (Cu In S2) 172
    3.2.4 Thin Film -  CISCuT (Cu In S2 on Cu-tape) 174
    Annex to Section 3.2 – Consolidated List of CIS technology family manufacturers 177
    3.3 Thin film - CdTe 179
    3.4 Thin film - Crystalline Silicon on Glass (CSG) 186
4. Very High Performance PV Cells 192
    4.1 Very High Performance PV Cells - Multi-junction (GaAs) 193
    4.2 Very High Performance PV Cells - Indium, Gallium, Nitrogen (Full Spectrum) 199
5. Concentrator PV Technology 202
    5.1 Non-Tracking Concentrator PV Technology (or Optionally 1-axis Tracking) 203
    5.2 1-Axis Tracking Concentrator PV Technology (or Optionally 2-axis) 209
    5.3 2-Axis Tracking Concentrator PV Technology 214
    5.4 Combined CPV Electricity and Direct Heating Systems 232
    Annex to CPV Section 5 – Consolidated list of CPV suppliers 236
6. Third Generation 237
    6.1 Third Generation - Dye Sensitised 239
    6.2 Third Generation - Organic Polymer 248
    6.3 Third Generation - Quantum dot 253
7. Innovative Panel Designs 257
    7.1 Innovative Panel Designs (Transparent Solar Cell) 259
    7.2 Innovative Panel Designs (Roof Tiles and Shingles) 263
    7.3 Combined PV Flat Panel and Thermal Water Heating 268
    7.4 Innovative Panel Designs (Spherical Solar Cell) 273
Part V – Solar PV Cell Application Products 276
1. Introduction 276
2. Solar Applications Product Market 276
3. Markets 277
4. Technology 279
    4.1 Solar Cells Only 279
    4.2 Solar Cells Plus Motor 280
    4.3 Solar Cells Plus Battery Plus Motor 281
    4.4 Solar Cells Plus Battery Plus Lights 283
    4.5 Solar Cells Plus Portable Electronic Device 284
    4.6 Solar Cells Plus Battery Plus Portable Electronic Device 284
    4.7 Solar Cells Plus Battery Plus Static Electronic Device 285
5. Discussion and Conclusion 286
 
 
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